What best defines "traffic calming" measures?

Traffic calming measures are primarily aimed at reducing vehicle speeds and enhancing safety within communities, especially in areas with heavy pedestrian traffic such as residential neighborhoods, schools, and parks. These measures include techniques such as speed bumps, chicanes, curb extensions, and raised crosswalks, all designed to physically or visually restrict vehicle movement, compel drivers to reduce speeds, and create a more pedestrian-friendly environment. By prioritizing slower vehicle speeds, traffic calming also contributes to reduced accidents and improved safety for all road users.

In contrast, increasing speed limits would have the opposite effect of traffic calming, making roads potentially less safe by encouraging higher speeds. The implementation of more traffic lights often serves to control traffic flow but does not inherently reduce vehicle speeds. Similarly, expanding roadway capacity typically enables higher traffic volumes and speeds, which can conflict with the objectives of traffic calming that seek to create safer, more pleasant road environments.